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Feb. 7, 1928.

- Re. 16,872 J. A. DAVEY ET Al.'y

AIR COMPRESSOR @51j their@ Original Filed March 16f 1925 167A. @auf/Z621ttor/140% Feb. 7, 1928.

.1. A. DAvl-:Y ET AL AIR COMPRESSOR origina Filed March 1e, 1925sheetfo-.sheet 2 o w r 4 oz e if 4 im a 2% ,j im f, .wv/6 ma f, @1mmFeb. 7, 1928.

Re. 16,872 J. A. DAVEY ET Ax. v

AIR COMPRESSOR Original Filed March 16, 1925 Reissuecl Feb. 7, 1928.

UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Ima A.. DAVEY, 0F SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT, AND PAUL E. DAVEY ANDCHARLES L. GAUGLER, OF KENT, OHIO;

SAID GAUGLEB ASSIGNOB, TO THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT COMPANY, OF KENT, OHIO,A CORPORATION 0F OHIO.

AIB COMPRESSOR.

Original No. 1,686,291, dated July 19, 1927, Serial vreissue tiledNovember 22,

This invention relates to air compressors, and particularly to an aircompressorof the portable type adapted to be coupled with an automotivevehicle for driving the compressor. This application is a continuationin part of our application Serial No. 703,098, filed March 31, 1924.

A portable air compressor of this type is of great value for supplyingportable air driven tools, as, for exam le, saws, chipping tools,riveters, or the like, and is particularly useful where the tools mustbe taken to the work,

1V e provide an air compressor of simple and rugged construction whichmay be attached to the :traine of an automotive vehicle and operativeconnection made to the engine thereof for driving the compressor. As thevehicle is always stationary when the compressor is in use, we provideauxiliary cooling means for the engine and also provide for cooling thecompressor. We have found that it is highly desirableto pro vide thisadditional cooling means as the compressor imposes a heavy1 load on theengine and the eiliciency of t e cooling means usually lnro'x'fided isreduced by reason of the 'fact that the vehicle is standing stationar Inapparatus of this character it is high y desirable to keep theconstruction as light as is "onsistent with (rood construction, and wehave found that the ordinary valve mechanisin will. not stand up underthe severe conditions inlposed upon portable apparatus of thislcharacter. W e therefore construct the cylinder heads and adjacentportions of the apparatus of a nictal having very high thermalconductivity, as, for example, aluminum. and provide for discharging airoutwardly against the innerA surface of this head. We have found thatthe particular construction which we employ is highly desdable in thisform of compressor and give exceptionally good results.

We preferably employ an air compressor having two oppose cylinders buthave found that in any event lthe intermittent load imposes an extremelyheavy load upon the connection between the compressor and the We havefound that where an unenine yi ding connection is employed the parts No.15,717, led latch 16, 1925. Application for 1927. Serial No. 235,098.

will break and very unsatisfactor results are obtained. lVe rovide a exile driving connection in w ich may aslo be incorporated a clutch forconnecting or disconnectin the compressor and the engine.

In t e accompanying drawings, illustrati ing the present preferredembodiment of our inventlon:

Figure 1 is a front view, parti broken away, of the present referred emodilnent of'our invention, and s owing the manner of connecting the sameto the frame work of an automotive vehicle;

Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line Ill-1I of Figure 1; I Figure3 is aside elevation of a connecting member used for attachin presser tothe frame work of t e automotive vehicle;

Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Figure 3;

Figure Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a view to an enlarged scale of the valve mechanism shown inthe right hand portion of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a section on the line VII-VII of Figure 6 5 is a section onthe line V-V of Figure 8 is a view to an enlarged scale of thecomthereto. The cylinders are provided with pistons 4 connected to acrank pin 5 by connecting rods 6. The crank pin 5 ia carried between twoiiywheels 7 and 8, the lgwheel 7 being secured to a shaft 9 adapte tomake power connection with the engine of an automotive vehicle and theilywhe'el 8 being connected to a shaft l10 for driving the aircompressor and cooling fan.

Each cylinder is provided with a head 11 and a valve plate 12 interposedbetween the head and the end of the cylinder 3 said head and said valveplate constituting a removable end closure for the cylinder. Bolts 13pass through the flange 14 and are threaded into the head 11 tosecurethe parts in lace.

he head 11 is provided with a conical portion 15 terminating in an airinlet opening 16. The valve plate12 lies across this opening and issecured to the head'by bolts 17. Air inlet openings 18 are provided andthe inlet valve'is in thc form of a ilat ring 19. The valve 19 ispressed against the openings 18 by springs 20. Each of these springs iscarried 'in an arm 21, the several arms being integral with a bolt 22secured in the valve plate 12 by a nut 23. A washer 24 is provided forspacing the arms away from the valve seat and this washer is alsoeffective for guiding the plate valve 19. On a'suction stroke of thepiston, air is drawn through the `openings 18 past the valve 19 into thecylinder. On the compression stroke the compressed air passes outwardlythrough ports 25 past a plate valve 26. This plate is held against thevalve seat by springs27, the springs being carried by a ring 28 which isthreaded onto the valve plate 12 as shown. The compressed a1r escapesinto the head around the outside of the ring 28 and also through ports29 provided therein.

While it is necessary to make the plate valves 19 and 26 and also thesprings used in connection therewith of steel, it 1s pre'- ferredto makethe remainder of the'head from a'metal having a high heat conductivity,such as aluminum. A difliculty which has always been experiencedheretofore in portable air compressors has been the proper cooling ofthe valve structure, and the form shown in the drawings has givenexceptionally good results. Not 'only is the head made of aluminum,which is of high heat conductivity, but this head is also provided withcooling fins 30. Vhen the air is dis'- charged around the outside of therin 28, it strikes the aluminum Wall of the hea and a large portion ofthe heat of the compressed air is thereby removed.V Similarly, any airpassing through the ports 29 strikes against the walls of the conicalportion 15 and is thus cooled. In addition to this the passage of cooledair through the opening 15 to the inlet ,valve aids materially inmaintaining the valve mechanism at proper tem xerature.

Each of the heads is provided with an outlet 31 for compressed air andthese outlets are connected by a cross pipe 32 which also is preferablyprovided with cooling fins. The cross pipe 32 in the preferred form ofour invention is made of alumiiiun'i, as it is found that thisl aids inmaintaining the desired low temperature.

The various arts of the compressor are readily accessib e, aswill beapparent from Figure 1. If the screws 13 holdingr the heads on thecylinders and the screws 33 holding the cross pipe to the heads areremoved, a

head may. be removed, together with its valve, for lnspection or repair.The several parts of the valve may be quickly replaced so that even inthe event of a break-down very little time will be consumed in puttingthe apparatus back into working condition. A breather pipe 34 isprovided for the crank case and an oil sight 35 is also provided. Theair compressor is secured to the vehicle frame by a connection plate 36rigidly secured to the crank case A pair of attachment members 3T areprovided and are permanently secured in the channels 38 comprisine aframe of the vehicle. They' are providedwith flanged and threaded ends39 projecting beyond the radiator 40 of the vehicle and these endsengage the attaehment plate 36. The plate is secured to these members bynuts `40. l

lVe have found that in an apparatus like an air. compressor where theloadon the power shaft is extremely irregularythere is always a tendencfor the power connection to crystallize and hreakunless some flexibilityis provided therein. IVe accordingly make a flexible connection betweenthe Shaft 9 and the engine shaft-4l of thel vehicle. A connection sleeve42 is provided and to this is fastened a shaft 43 pro'eeting through theopening usually provided adjacent. the radiatorl for the engine crank.In the Well known Ford automobile a pin lis generally provided throughthe head end of the crank shaft for engagement by the crank. In making aconnection to this ty e of engine, we remove this cross pin an providedog point set screws 44 in the sleeve 42 which fit into the holes thusprovided in the crank shaft 41. In order to make an extremely tightconnection with the shaft we also provide draw bolts 45. These are soplaced in the sleeve 44 that a side portion of each boltI projects intothe space required for the shaft 41. The central opening of ,the sleeveis then bored out, leaving a` notch in each of the bolts 45, and afterthe sleeve is placed on the shaft the bolts are drawn up tight by nuts46. It is found that this exerts a spring clamping action on the shaftand prevents any play at this point.

The shaft 43 is provided with a spider 47 to which are bolted one. ormore flexible connecting disks 48. These disks are preferably made offabric impregnated with rubber, such as are used in the well known Ther-1noid-Hardy universal Iioint. The disks 48 are secured to the spider bys aced apart bolts 49 and intermediate them olts 50 are provided forsecuring to the ring a drum 51. Surrounding the drum 5l. is a band 52which is preferably provided with a suitable lining, such as brakelining` The band 52 is secured toa Connecting men'iber 54 which iscarried on a pin 55 secured to a plate 56 Diametrieally opposite the pin55 is a similar ordinary cooling system is pin 57 through which a bolt58v asses and this bolt enga es connection mem ers 59 secured to the and52. Theplate 56 is secured to the shaft 9, and it will be seen that whenthe bolt 58 is tightened there will be provided a driving connectionbetweenthe engine shaft 41 and the air compressor. When the bolt 58 isloosened the drivin(r connection is broken and the vehicle may heoperated in the yordina-ry Way. It is not, however, necessary to removethe compressor and the apparatus may be moved from place to place andthen the compressor very conveniently put into operation. When the bolt58 is loosened springs 60 and 61 tend to hold the lining 53 away fromthe drum, so as t o prevent heating. This clutch connection isparticularly described and claimed in our copending application SerialNo. 15,716, filed of even date herewith.

The load imposed on the automobile engine of a large compressor is suchthat the not sufficient to maintain the engine at suitable runningtemperature. We therefore provide an auxiliary cooling fan 62 which ismounted in front of the radiator 40. A:This fan is carried on a shaft 63having a belt pulley 64; adapted to be driven through a belt 65 from apulley 66 mountedfon the shaft 10. The shaft 63 is carried in a bearingmember 67 which is eccentrically mounted in a bracket 68 and securedtherein by bolts 69. This provides a convenient means for tightening orloosening the belt 65, as may be required.y

We provide an air compressor of simple construct-ion which may bereadily attached to an automotive vehicle. The head and valve structureinsures thorough cooling and is found in practice to give exceedinglygood results. The cooling fan provided maintains the engine at thedesired temperature and materially vimproves the operation of the en`tire apparatus. The valves are very simple 4 and accessible and-theirconstruction and arrangement is practically desirable in a compresser ofthis type.'

One reason is that the hot outlet annulus is outside the inlet annulus,so that its conductive path to the outer air is short; also the annularoutlet valve 26 is of very great area as compared with. the combinedareas of the outlet passages 25, the proportions widthivise of theannulus being approximately three to one and circumferentiallyapproximately six to one. This gives a. relatively enormous area forquick heat transfer from the steel plate valve 26 to the aluminum valveplate 12, particularly during the relatively long portion of each cycle,when this outlet valve is closed and in close heat transfer relation tosaid aluminum valve plate 12; also the outlet valve being thin has smallheat storing capacity per unit surface lm.

While We have illustrated one embodiment of our invention, it isunderstood that it is not limited thereto but may be otherwise embodiedWithin the scope of the following claims:

We claim 1. An air compressor including a cylinder, an end closuretherefor, valves for passages in said end closure, and means providing ametallic path of high heat conducting quality and capacity from saidvalves to the exterior of the compressor.

2. An air compressor including a cylinder, an end closure therefor,valves in said closure, and means providing a metallic path of high heatconducting quality and adequate capacity including an aluminum valvelate extending outward to theexterior o the compressor.

3. An air compressor including a cylinder, and a detachable aluminum endclosure therefor said end closure having valve seats therein andproviding a path of high heat conducting quality and capacity toatmosphere.

4. An air compressor including a cylinder having a head and a valveplate interposed between the cylinder and the head, both the head andthe valve plate being made of a metal of relatively high heatconductivity.

5. An air compressor including a cylinder having a head and a valveplate interposed between the cylinder and the head, both the head andthe valve plate being made of a metal of relatively high heatconductivity, the head having cooling fins thereon.

6. In combination with an automotive vehicle having a radiator, anair-cooled air compressor of large capacity requiring the motor to berun under heavy load conditions said` compressor being mounted adjacentthe radiator, a driving connection between the engine of the vehicle andthe compressor, andl a fan mounted on the compressor iii front of theradiator.

7.' In a combinationv with an automotive vehicle having an internalcombustion engine and a main driving shaft thereof, an air compressor oflarge capacity requiring the engiiie'therefor to be run under heavy loadconditions said compressor mounted on said vehicle and having a drivingshaft arranged in alinement with said engine shaft, and a ilegiblecoupling connecting said shafts comprising a flexible disk attached toone of the said shafts, a drum around the periphery of the disk, aflexible band connected to the other shaft and adapted to cooperate withthe drum, and means for positively clamping the band around the drum toyform a normally non-slipping driving connect-ion, substantially asdescribed.

8. In a combination with an automotive vehicle having an internalcombustion engine and a main driving shaft thereof, an air comlilipresser of large capacity requiring the engine therefor tol be run underheavy load conditions said compressor mounted on said vehicle and havinga driving shaft arranged in alinement with said engine shaft, and aflexible coupling connecting said shafts comprising a drum secured toone of said shafts and serving as one member of a clutch, a releasableclamping band encircling the drum and serving as the other member oflthe clutch, means to force the clamping band positively into clampingrelation with said rum, supporting means for the band fixed to the othershaft, and a flexible disk interposed between one of the clutch membersand its shaft.

9. An air compressor including a cylinder, an end closure therefor,thin, large-area plate valves for passages in said end closure, andmeans providing a metallic path of high heat conductimr quality andcapacity from said valves to t e exterior of the compressor.

10. An air compressor including a cylinder, an end closure therefor,thin, large-area valves in said closure, and means providing a metallicpath of high heat conducting quality and adequate capacity including anlaluminum valve late extendlng outward to the exterior of tfiecompressor.

11. An air compressor including a cylinder, and a detachable aluminumend closure therefor having valve seats and plate valves therein, saidend closure providing a path of high heat conducting quality andcapacity to atmosphere.

12. An air compressor including a cylinder having a head and a valveplate interposed between the cylinder and the head and having passagesadapted to be closed by relatively lar e thin face valves of steel; boththe hea( and the valve plate being made of a metal of relatively highheat conductivity and the head having cooling tins thereon. y

13. An air-cooled air compressor of large capacity, including acylinder, an aluminum end closure therefor affording a path to theatmosphere of high heat conducting quality and capacity' and havingoutlet passages therein, in combination with a single outlet valvecovering and extending between a plurality of said passages, with one ofits surfaces extending adjacent and lin eective heat transfer relationto the aluminum surfaces of said end closure around and between saidoutlet passages.

14. An air-cooled air compressor of large capacity, including acylinder, an aluminum end closure therefor affording a path to theatmosphere of high heat conductin quality and capacity, and having inletand outlet passages therein, the outlet passa es being annularlyarranged and of sm ll aggregate area las compared with the area of theannulus, in combination with inlet and outlet valves for said passages,the outlet valve heilig a relatively thin annular plate having one ofits surfaces extending adjacent and in effective heat transfer relationto the aluminum surfaces of said end closure around and between saidoutlet passages.

15. An air-cooled air compressor of large capacity, including acylinder, an aluminum end closure therefor, affording a path to theatmosphere of high heat conducting quality and capacity having annularlyarranged inlet passages and annularly arranged outlet passagessurrounding said inlet passages, in combination with relatively thinannular plate valves adapted to close their respective inlet and outletpassages and each having large surface area adjacent and in effectiveheat transfer relation to the aluminum `surfaces of the said endclosure, around and between the several passages which said valvecloses.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands: JAMES A. DAvEr inthe cit of New York, county of New Yzork, and llate of New York, this21st day of November, 1927 PAUL H. DAvEr, in Kent, county of Portage,and State of Ohio, this 27th day of October, 1927 and CHARLES L.GAUGLER, in Kent, county of Portage, and State'of Ohio, this 27 th dayof October, 1927.

JAMES A. DAVEY. i PAUL H. DAvEY. CHARLES L. GAUGLER.

